Chemistry |
 Keri Turley |
Oxidation Number Rules
These rules are used for Ionic Compounds: (metal + non-metal)
1. Cations (positive ions) are always written first
2. Free elements = 0
elements by themselves, ex. Zn, Ag, Na
also includes diatomic molecules:
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine and Bromine
3. Ion charge = oxidation number
4. Hydrogen usually is +1
5. Oxygen usually is -2
6. Family IA = +1
Family IIA = +2
7. Sum of compound = 0
Sum of ion = charge on ion
Covalent Bonding Prefixes
Prefixes are ONLY used for covalent compounds.
| Mono- | 1 |
| Di- | 2 |
| Tri- | 3 |
| Tetra- | 4 |
| Penta- | 5 |
| Hexa- | 6 |
| Hepta- | 7 |
| Octa- | 8 |
| Nona- | 9 |
| Deca- | 10 |
Electronegativity
Click here for a refresher on electronegativity.
Electronegativity differences:
0-0.4 = nonpolar covalent
>0.4-1.7 = polar covalent
>1.7 = ionic bonds
Click here for an electronegativity value chart. The large numbers are the electronegativity numbers.
Ionic vs. Covalent
When you name a formula you need to decide if the compound is ionic or covalently bonded.
Click here to see the notes on ionic bonding
Click here to see notes on covalent bonding. Click through all the pages to see the differences between ionic and covalent bonding. Or use this one, go to this link and go down to Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding and open the ppt or pdf file. Click here.
Click here to see notes on naming two (binary) element covalent compounds.
Naming Compounds
Go to these sites to practice naming compounds. Make sure you read the notes first then go to the practice links. Be careful that you understand the different between ionic and covalent bonding so you know when to use each type of naming.
Video on Bonding
Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas
View this podcast to get more explanation on how to write and name chemical formulas. Please note; he makes one mistake by writing Tin as Tn instead of Sn, otherwise all the information is good.
Powerpoints
- Ionic Bonding Powerpoint on ionic bonding
- Valence Electrons and Bonding Powerpoint that shows how valence electrons are involved in bonding.
- Metallic Bonding Powerpoint on metallic bonding.
- Covalent Molecules Notes on covalent molecules.
- VSEPR and Molecular Geometry Shapes of molecules notes
- Intermolecular Forces Notes on intermolecular forces.
Search for Bonding
Search for Bonding
ionic Bonds
An example of an ionic bond.
Source for image click here
In this example the one atom donates an electron to the other atom. In the second set of pictures the elements are no longer atoms, but are ions (charged particles) because one element has 1 electron less and the other atom has 1 electron more.
Source for image click here
Covalent Bonds
An example of a covalent bond. notice the hydrogens are sharing electrons with the carbon.
Source for image click here
Links to Periodic Tables
Click here to link to a basic perdioc table
Click here to link to a dynamic periodic table
Click here to link to a Periodic Table with oxidation states
Click here to link to a site to choose which version of periodic table you want to print
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